Library Guides: Animal Alternatives: Literature Searching for Animal Research: A Guide: Keywords

Suggested Keywords for Searches

In addition to searching for research similar to your own, you will need to look for literature that mentions alternatives involving reduction, refinement, and replacement of animals in laboratory research.

Reduction and Refinement

Adverse
Analgesic, hypnotic, sedative, tranquilizer
Anesthesia, anaesthesia
Anxiolytic
Enrichment (behavioral, behavioural, environmental)
Handling, housing, husbandry, caging

Invasive, non-invasive
Monitoring device
Positive reinforcement
Postoperative, postsurgery
Reduction, refinement
Restraint, restrict, immobilize
Stress,psychological/prevention and control

Train, educate, teach, instruct
Welfare, pain, stress, distress

Replacement

Anesthesia, anesthesia, anaesthesia
Animal testing alternatives, alternative

Animal use alternatives
Anxiolytic
Artificial intelligence system, AI
Assay, technique, method, procedure
Bacteria, microorganism, protozoan, single-celled organism, yeast
Cadaver
Cell, cell line, cellular
Computer aided instruction, computer assisted instruction, CAI
Culture (cell, tissue, organ)
Digital imaging
Environmental enrichment

Isolated (cell, tissue, organ)
Mannequin, manikin, manikin
Membrane, organ, organelle, slice, tissue, tissue equivalent
Model (animal, cadaveric, interactive, mathematical, statistical, theoretical), modelling
Plastination
Replacement, surrogate
Simulation (computer)
Train, educate, teach, instruct
Video
Virtual (surgery, reality)
Vitro (AND method, model, technique)

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